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Assignment sample solution of DBMS502 - Advanced Database Design

Question 1: What is the importance of indexing in databases, and how does it improve query performance?

Question 2: Explain the role of foreign keys in maintaining referential integrity in relational databases.

Question 3: What are stored procedures in SQL, and what are their advantages?

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Database Assignment Sample

Q1:

Answer :

Indexing enhances database performance by providing a faster way to retrieve data. It creates a separate data structure that points to records in the main table. Common types include B-trees, hash indexes, and clustered indexes.
Benefits:

  • Faster Retrieval: Speeds up SELECT queries by reducing the need for a full table scan. Example: Searching a Books table by ISBN.
  • Efficient Sorting: Helps in sorting and filtering large datasets.
  • Improved Joins: Enhances performance for join operations in complex queries.
    However, indexing increases storage requirements and slows write operations due to maintenance overhead. Proper indexing, considering query patterns, is crucial for balanced performance.

Q1:

Answer :

A foreign key is a column in one table referencing the primary key of another, ensuring data consistency and referential integrity. For example, in an Orders table, the CustomerID serves as a foreign key linked to the Customers table.
Benefits:

  • Prevents Orphan Records: Ensures that referenced records exist. Example: Orders without a valid customer are not allowed.
  • Cascading Operations: Updates or deletions propagate to maintain consistency. Example: Deleting a customer removes associated orders if cascading delete is enabled.
  • Enforces Valid Data Relationships: Strengthens the logical design by linking related tables.
    Foreign keys are essential for maintaining reliable and consistent relationships in relational databases.

Q1:

Answer :

Stored procedures are precompiled SQL statements stored in the database, executed as a single unit. They enhance efficiency by reducing repetitive query writing.
Advantages:

  • Performance: Reduce query parsing time due to precompilation.
  • Reusability: Centralized logic allows reuse across applications.
  • Security: Restrict direct access to data by encapsulating SQL logic.
  • Maintainability: Easy to update centralized logic without altering client applications.
    Example: A stored procedure to calculate employee bonuses improves both efficiency and security.