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Assignment sample solution of DBMS101 - Fundamentals of Database Systems

Question 1: Explain the concept of relational databases and their advantages over traditional file-based systems.

Question 2: What are the different types of relationships in relational databases, and how are they implemented?

Question 3: Describe the ACID properties of a transaction and their importance in database systems.

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Database Assignment Sample

Q1:

Answer :

Relational databases organize data into tables (relations) with rows (records) and columns (attributes). Unlike file-based systems, relational databases eliminate redundancy through normalization, improve data integrity, and support complex queries with Structured Query Language (SQL).
Advantages include:

  • Data Integrity: Enforced through primary keys, foreign keys, and constraints, ensuring consistency.
  • Flexibility: SQL allows retrieval, updating, and filtering of data efficiently.
  • Scalability: Easily adaptable for growing datasets.
  • Concurrency: Multiple users can access and modify data simultaneously with proper isolation mechanisms.
  • Security: Role-based permissions restrict unauthorized access.
  • Data Relationships: Support for relationships between tables makes data management logical and efficient.
    These features make relational databases superior for modern applications, such as customer management systems and e-commerce platforms, where data consistency and scalability are critical.

Q1:

Answer :

Relational databases define three types of relationships:

  • One-to-One (1:1): Each record in Table A is linked to a single record in Table B. Implemented with a shared primary key or foreign key. Example: A Person table with a Passport table.
  • One-to-Many (1:N): A single record in Table A links to multiple records in Table B. Implemented with a primary key in Table A and a foreign key in Table B. Example: A Customer table linked to an Orders table.
  • Many-to-Many (M:N): Multiple records in Table A link to multiple records in Table B. Implemented with a junction table containing foreign keys from both tables. Example: A Students table linked to a Courses table via an Enrollments table.
    These relationships define data interactions, enabling robust and scalable database design.

Q1:

Answer :

ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) ensures reliable database transactions:

  • Atomicity: A transaction is an indivisible unit, executed fully or not at all. Example: Bank fund transfers.
  • Consistency: A transaction brings the database from one valid state to another, adhering to all constraints. Example: Ensuring account balances remain valid.
  • Isolation: Concurrent transactions do not interfere with each other. Example: Preventing dirty reads.
  • Durability: Once a transaction commits, changes persist even after system failures. Example: Ensuring successful purchases are recorded.
    ACID properties guarantee data reliability and prevent inconsistencies in critical systems like banking and e-commerce.